Ojebway Language:
A Manual for missionaries
and others employed among the Ojebway Indians
by Edward F. Wilson, 1874
Examples of Paradigms.
Transitive Verb - Animate. Positive Form.
Paradigm I. -AUN.
INDICATIVE MOOD Present Tense Me Thee Him His I ... ke...in ne...ah ne...emaun thou ke... ... ke...ah ke...emaun he ne...ik ke...ik o...aun o...aun* we (ex.) ... ke...ego ne...ahnaun ne...emahnaun we (in.) ... ... ke...ahnaun ke...emahnaun you ke...im ... ke...ahwah ke...emahwaun they ne...egoog ke...egoog o...ahwaun o...ahwaun Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them I ... ... ke..enenim ne..aug thou ke..emin ... ... ke..aug he ne..egonaun ke..egonaun ke..egowah o..aun we (ex.) ... ... ke..egoom ne..ahnahnig we (in.) ... ... ... ke..ahnahnig you ke..emin ... ... ke..ahwaug they ne..egonahnig ke..egonahnig ke..egowaug o..ahwaun *Note. - He-his, is necessarily followed by a noun in the third third person,
to which the proper ending must be given. See. Thus, he sees his father, owahbumaun osene.
Note. - His-him, them, is o--aune. His, with other pronouns, me, thee, &c., the same as he.Perfect Tense Me Thee Him His I have ... kege..in ningah..ah ninge..emaun thou kege.. ... kegah..ah kege..emaun he ninge..ik kege..ik ogah..aun oge..aun Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them I have ... ... kege..enenim ninge..aug thou kege..emin ... ... kege..aug he ninge..egonaun kege..egonaun kege..egowah oge..aun Future Tense Me Thee Him His I will ... kegah..in ningah..ah ningah..emaun thou kegah.. ... kegah..ah kegah..emaun he ningah..ik kegah..ik ogah..aun ogah-aun Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them I will ... ... kegah..enenim ningah..aug thou kegah..emin ... ... kegah..aug he ningah..egonaun kegah..egonaun kegah..egowah ogah..aun Bun Tense Me Thee Him His I did ... ke..enenahbun ne..ahbun ne..emahbuneen thou ke...enahbun ... ke..ahbun ke..emahbuneen he ne...egobun ke..egobun o..ahbuneen o..ahbuneen we (ex.) ... ke..egonahbun ne..ahnahbun ne..emahnahbuneen we (in.) ... ... ke..ahnahbun ke..emahnahbuneen you ke...imwahbun ... ke..ahwahbun ke..emahwahbuneen they ne...egoobuneeg ke..egobuneeg o..ahwahbuneen o..ahwahbuneen Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them I did ... ... ke..enenimwahbun ne..ahbuneeg thou ke..eminahbun ... ... ke..ahbuneeg he ne..egonahbun ke..egonahbun ke..egowahbun o..ahbuneen we (ex.) ... ... ke..egoomwahbun ne..ahnahbuneeg we (in.) ... ... ... ke..ahnahbuneeg you ke..eminahbun ... ... ke..ahwahbuneeg they ne..egonahbuneeg ke..egonahbuneeg ke..egowahbuneeg o..ahwahbuneen Pluperfect Tense Me Thee Him His I had ... kege..enenahbun ninge..ahbun ninge..emahbuneen thou kege..enahbun ... kege..ahbun kege..emahbuneen he ninge..egoobun kege..egoobun oge..ahbuneen oge..ahbuneen Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them I had ... ... kege..enenimwahbun ninge..ahbuneeg thou kege..eminahbun ... ... kege..ahbuneeg he ninge..egonahbun kege..egoowahbun kege..egoowahbun oge..ahbuneen CONDITIONAL MOOD Present Tense Me Thee Him His I would ... kedah..in nindah..ah nindah..emaun thou kedah.. ... kedah..ah kedah..emaun he nindah..ik kedah..ik odah..aun odah..aun Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them I would ... ... kedah..enenim nindah..aug thou ... ... ... kedah..aug he nindah..egonaun kedah..egonaun kedah..egowah odah..aun Past Tense Me Thee Him His I would have ... kedahge..in nindahge..ah nindahge..emaun Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them I would have ... ... kedahge..enenim nindahge..aug IMPERATIVE MOOD Me Thee Him His ...thou ..eshin ... ... ..im let him ningah..ik ... ogah..aun ogah..aun let us ... ... ..ahdah ..emahdah ..ye ..eshig ... ..ik ..emik let them ningah.egoog ... ogah..ahwaun ogah..ahwaun Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them ...thou ..eshenaum ... ... ... let him ningah..egonaun ... ... ogah..aun let us ... ... ... ..ahdahnig ..ye ..eshenaum ... ... ..ik let them ningah..egonahnig ... ... ogah..ahwaun Inanimate object Me Thee Him His it ne..egoon ke..egoon o..egoon o..egoon they ne..egoonun ke..egoonun o..egoonun o..egoonun Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them it ne..egoomin ke..egoomin ke..egoonahwah o..egoonahwah they ne..egoomin ke..egoomin ke..egoonahwaun o..egoonahwaun SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD Present Tense Me Thee Him His if I ... ..enaun ..ug ..emug if thou ..eeyun ... ..ud ..emud if he ..id ..ik ..aud ..aud if his ..emid ..ik ..ahnid ..ahnid if they ..ewaud ..ikwah ..ahwaud ..ahwaud Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them if I ... ... ..enenuhgoog ..ugwah if thou ..eeyaung ... ... ..udwah if he ..eyungid ..enung ..enag ..aud if his ..eyungid ..enung ..enag ..ahnid if they ..eyungidwah ..enungwah ..enagwah ..ahwaud Bun Tense Me Thee Him His if I did ... ..enaunbaun ..ugebun ..emugebun if thou ..eeyunbun ... ..udebun ..emudebun if he ..epun ..ikebun ..ahpun ..ahpun if they ..ewahpun ..ikwahpun ..ahwahpun ..ahwahpun Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them if I did ... ... ..enenuhgoogobun ..ugwagbun if thou ..eeyaungebun ... ... ..udwahbun if he ..eyungedebun ..enungoobun ..enagoobun ..ahpun if they ..eyungidwabun ..enungwahbun ..enagwahbun ..ahwahpun
PARTICIPLE Present Tense Me Thee Him His I who ... ..enaun ..ug ..emug thou ..eeyun ... ..ud ..emud he ..id ..ik ..aud ..aud his ..emid ..ik ..ahnid ..ahnid we (ex.) ... ..egoyun ..aungid ..emaungid we (in.) ... ... ..ung ..emung you ..eeyag ... ..ag ..emag they ..ejig ..ekig ..ahjig ..ahjig Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them I who ... ... ..enenuhgoog ..ugig thou ..eeyung ... ... ..udjig he ..eyungid ..enung ..enag ..aud his ..eyungid ..enung ..enag ..ahnid we (ex.) ... ... ..egoyag ..aungejig we (in.) ... ... ... ..ungoog you ..eeyaung ... ... ..agoog they ..eyungejig ..enungoog ..enagoog ..ahjig Perfect Tense Me Thee Him His I who have ... kah..enaun kah..ug kah..emug I who have ... ... kah..enenuhgoog kah..ugig thou kah..eeyun ... kah..ud kah..emud thou kah..eeyaung ... ... kah..udjig he kah..id kah..ik kah..aud kah..aud he kah..eyungid kah..enung kah..enag kah..aud Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them Future Tense Me Thee Him His I who will ... ka..enaun ka..ug ka..emug I who will ... ... ka..enenuhgoog ka..ugig thou ka..eeyun ... ka..ud ka..emud thou ka..eeyaung ... ... ka..udjig he ka.id ka..ik ka..aud ka..aud he ka..eyungid ka..enung ka..enag ka..aud Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them Pluperfect Tense Me Thee Him His I who had ... kah..enaunbaun kah..ugebun kah..emugebun thou kah..eeyunbun ... kah..udebun kah..emudebun he kah..epun kah..ikebun. kah..ahpun kah..ahpun they kah..epuneeg kah..ikebuneeg kah..ahpuneeg kah..ahpuneeg Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them I who had ... ... kah..enenuhgoogobun kah..ugebuneeg thou kah..eeyaungebun ... ... kah..udebuneeg he kah..eyungedebun kah..enungoobun kah..enagoobun kah..ahpun they kah..eyungedebuneeg kah..enungoobuneeg kah..anagoobuneeg kah..ahpuneeg Inanimate object Me Thee Him His it ..egooyaun ..egooyun ..egood ..egood they that ..egooyaun ..egooyun ..egood ..egood Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them it ..egooyaung ..egooyung ..egooyag ..egoojig they that ..egooyaung ..egooyung ..egooyag ..egoojig PERIODICAL SUBJUNCTIVE Me Thee Him His whenever I ... ..enaunin ..ugin ..emugin whenever thou ..eyunin ... ..udin ..emudin whenever he ..ejin ..ikin ..aujin ..aujin whenever we (ex.) ... ..egoyunin ..aungejin ..emaungin whenever we (in.) ... ... ..ungoon ..emungoon whenever you ..eyagoon ... ..agoon ..emagoon whenever they ..ewahjin ..ekwahjin ..ahwahjin ..ahwahjin Us ( excl.) Us (incl.) You Them whenever I ... ... ..enenuhgoogin ..ugwahnin whenever thou ..eyaungin ... ... ..udwahnin whenever he ..eyungejin ..enungoon ..enagoon ..aujin whenever we (ex.) ... ... ..egoyagoon ..aungidwahjin whenever we (in.) ... ... ... ..ungwahjin whenever you ..eyaungin ... ... ..agwahjin whenever they ..eyungidwahjin ..enungwahjin ..enagwahjin ..ahwahjin Examples: -
Indicative Mood. - He remembers me, nemequanemik; I have seen thee, kege wahbumin; We shall forget you, kegahwuhnanemegoom.
Conditional Mood. - He would see me, nindahwahbumik; I should have seen them, nindahgewahbumaug.
Imperative Mood. - Let us see him, wahbumahdah; Hate ye him, sheenganemik; Remember me, mequanemeshin.
Subjunctive. - If I see him, kishpin wahbumug; If we have seen thee, kishpin kewahbumegooyun; That we remember him, chemequanemung.
Pariciple. - I who see you, wuhyahbumenenuhgoog; He who sees me, wuhyahbumid; He who has forgotten thee, owh kahwuhnanemik.
Periodical Subjunctive. - Whenever theu rememberst me, maquanemeeyunin; Whenever he sees me, wuhyahbumejin.